No — the Kadence Agent does not use GPS and does not track your real-world location, on any platform.
It works by checking whether your device's network matches a network your company has configured for its offices. Some organizations also turn on floor-level detection, which checks a couple of extra network details — like the WiFi access point you're connected to — to identify which floor you're on, not just which building.
On Macs, if your organization has floor-level detection turned on, you may see a one-time macOS Location Services prompt. This is required by Apple before any app can read WiFi network details — it isn't GPS, and Kadence doesn't receive your geographic location through it.